Supply chain management (SCM) involves coordinating business functions within the supply chain to improve performance, focusing on the flow of goods and services. It's crucial for operational efficiency, quality management, and organisational performance.

Process improvement involves enhancing organisational processes for efficiency and effectiveness, crucial for achieving business objectives and operational success.

Quality management involves processes that ensure products or services consistently meet customer expectations and regulatory requirements, impacting operational efficiency and business success.

Operational efficiency involves optimising processes and reducing waste to deliver quality products or services cost-effectively. It is essential for business efficiency and competitiveness.

Lean Six Sigma combines Lean's focus on reducing waste with Six Sigma's goal of eliminating defects, providing a comprehensive framework for process improvement in operations.